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This publication contains a list of shipping terms that may be unfamiliar. When looking for a specific term please use the letter links below to jump to the term needed. |
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Accessorial Service - a service offered by Saia
in addition to the transportation of goods, such as stopping
in transit to complete loading or to partially unload or
storage.
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Advanced Charge - the amount of freight or other
charge on a shipment advanced by one transportation line to
another, or to the shipper to be collected from the
consignee.
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Agent - a person authorized to transact business
for and in the name of another.
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Aggregate Shipments - numerous shipments from
different shippers to one consignee that are consolidated
and treated as a single consignment.
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Agreed Weight - the weight prescribed by
agreement between carrier and shipper for goods shipped in
certain packages or in a certain number.
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Allowance - a sum granted as reimbursement or
repayment, or a deduction from the gross weight or value of
goods.
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Alternative Rates - two or more rates, of which
the one that produces the lowest charge is applicable.
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Any-Quantity Rate - a rate applicable to an
article in any quantity.
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Application of Rates - the points from, to, or
between which the rates and routes shown in the publication,
pricing agreement or customer contract applies.
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Arrival Notice - a notice, furnished to the
consignee, of the arrival of freight.
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Assign - to transfer to another party.
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Axle Load - maximum load permitted to be carried
on each axle of a motor vehicle.
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Axle Weight - amount of weight carried by one
axle of a tractor or trailer.
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Bailment - a contract (such as a bill of lading)
which allows Saia to take possession of goods without
ownership.
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Balance Due Bill - a bill rendered by the carrier
for under-charges.
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Basing Rate - a rate used only for the purpose of
constructing other rates.
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Bill of Lading - a commercial shipping document
which serves three distinct purposes in connection with the
carriage of goods. An itemized list of goods contained in a
shipment. It is a receipt from Saia for the goods,
represents the contract for carriage and serves as a
document of title.
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Billing Sequence for Hazardous Materials (HM) -
the description of HM freight on a bill of lading that
requires the following information in this order; proper
shipping name, hazard class, U.N. or N.A. number, packaging
group, if applicable and 24-hour emergency contact telephone
number.
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Straight Bill of Lading - a non-negotiable
document by which a transportation company acknowledges
receipt of freight and contracts for its movement. The
surrender of the original straight bill of lading is not
required by transportation lines upon delivery of the
freight, except when necessary for the purpose of
identifying the consignee.
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Order Bill of Lading - a negotiable document by
which a transportation line acknowledges receipt of freight
and contracts for its movement. The surrender of the
original straight bill of lading, properly endorsed, is
required by transportation lines upon delivery of the
freight, in accordance with the terms of the bill of lading.
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Blanket Bond - a bond covering a group of
persons, articles or properties.
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Blanket Rate - the rate applicable from and/or to
a group of points, or a special rate applicable on several
different articles in a single shipment.
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Blocking or Bracing - wood or metal supports used
to keep shipments in place in or on trailers.
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Bonded Warehouse - a warehouse approved by the
Treasury Department, utilized for storing goods until duties
are paid or goods are otherwise properly released.
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Bonded Indemnity - an agreement made with a
transportation line relieving it from liability for any
action on its part for which it would otherwise be liable.
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Breakbulk - a large terminal which separates
composite loads into individual shipments, and then routes
them to different destinations. Also called break or hub or
distribution center.
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Brokerage License - authority granted by the
Interstate Commerce Commission to persons to engage in the
business of arranging for transportation of persons or
property in interstate commerce.
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Bulk Freight - freight not in packages or
containers.
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Capacity - amount of freight which can be carried
in a truck or trailer, expressed in terms of weight and
measurement.
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Capacity Load - that quantity of freight which,
in the manner loaded, fills a vehicle to the extent that no
additional article in the shipping form tendered identical
in size to the largest article in the shipment can be
loaded.
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Caretaker - an individual accompanying a shipment
requiring special attention while en route.
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Carrier's Freight Terminal - the freight depot or
freight station of the carrier at which shipments are
ordinarily loaded or unloaded.
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Cargo - the lading of a motor vehicle.
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Carrier - an individual, partnership or
corporation engaged in the business of transporting goods or
persons, for a fee.
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Cartage - freight hauling between locations in
the same city, town, suburb, or local area.
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Certificate of Weight - an authoritative
statement of the weight of a shipment.
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Claim - a written demand made upon Saia for
payment because of loss or damage alleged to have occurred
while shipment was in Saia's possession. Demand of a refund
due to overcharge.
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Classification (rating) - the class to which an
article is assigned for the purpose of applying
transportation charges.
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Clean Bill of Lading - a bill of lading received
by Saia for merchandise in good condition which does not
bear such notation as "Shipper Load and Count," etc.
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Clear Record - a record which shows that a
shipment was handled without any loss or damage being
sustained.
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Cleat - a strip of wood or metal used to afford
additional strength, to prevent warping or to hold in
position.
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Closed Van - a unit with metal sides and top
completely enclosing the freight being transported.
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COD - cash or check paid for goods at delivery,
which may include the cost of shipping.
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Collector of Customs - a representative of the
U.S. Treasury Department acting for the government in
connection with foreign traffic.
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Commercial Zone - a geographical area of
commercial influence of a specified point.
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Commodity - any article of freight. Goods
shipped.
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Commodity Rate - a rate applicable to an article
described or named in the publication containing the rate.
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Common Carriers - those required to serve the
general public on demand, at reasonable rates without
discrimination.
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Concealed Loss or Damage - loss or damage to the
contents of a package which is not apparent until opened.
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Concentration Point - a point at which
less-than-truckload shipments are brought together to be
re-forwarded as a truckload.
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Connecting Carrier - a carrier which has a direct
physical connection with another or forms a connecting link
between two or more carriers.
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Consignee - the person or organization to whom
freight is shipped.
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Consignee Marks - a symbol placed on packages for
export, generally consisting of a square, triangle, diamond,
circle, cross, etc., with designation letter and/or numbers
for the purpose of identification.
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Containerization - shipping system based upon
large cargo-carrying containers which can be easily be
interchanged between trucks, trains and ships without
rehandling of contents.
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Continuous Seals - a term denoting that seals on
a truck remain intact during the movement of the truck from
point of origin to destination; or if broken in transit that
it was done by the proper authority and without opportunity
for loss to occur before new seals were applied.
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Contract Carriers - a company which engages in
for-hire transportation of property under an individual
contract or agreement with one of a limited number of
shippers.
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Convertible - a unit that can be used as a
flat-bed or open top through the use of removable side
panels.
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Cubic Foot - 1,728 cubic inches.
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Cubic Ton - 40 cubic feet.
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Cubic Capacity - the carrying capacity of a truck
according to measurement in cubic feet.
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CWT - per hundred weight.
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Dead Head - movement of freight without charges
or movement of empty trailer.
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Delivering Carrier - the transportation line by
which a shipment is delivered to the consignee.
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Delivery - the act of transferring possession,
such as the transfer of property from shipper to carrier,
one carrier to another or carrier to consignee.
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Department of Transportation (DOT) - federal
agency that regulates the highway transportation of freight
including commodities designated as hazardous material.
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Destination - the place to which a shipment is
consigned.
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Detention - a charge made for a vehicle held by
or for shipper or consignee for loading or unloading, for
forwarding directions or for any other purpose.
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Direct - via the route of a single carrier.
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Dispatching - the scheduling and control of
trucks for pickup and delivery or travel between major
terminals.
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Distance Rate - rate that is applicable according
to distance.
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Distribution - generally considered to be the act
of delivering less-than-truckload shipments within a city or
an area beyond.
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Diversion - any shipment relinquished to the
shipper, consignee or his agent at point of origin or
intermediate point or before the shipment has reached its
ultimate destination.
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Dock - the platform where trucks are loaded and
unloaded.
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Dock Receipt - a receipt given for a shipment
received or delivered at a pier or dock. When delivery of a
foreign shipment is completed, the dock receipt is
surrendered to the transportation line and a bill of lading
is issued.
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Dolly - an auxiliary axle assembly equipped with
a fifth wheel that is used to convert a semi-trailer to a
full trailer or a small platform on rollers or wheels used
to handle freight in a warehouse.
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DOT (Department of Transportation) - federal
agency that regulates the highway transportation of freight
including commodities designated as hazardous materials.
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Double Bottom - a combination of two
semi-trailers or a semi-trailer and a full trailer, pulled
by a tractor.
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Doubles Trailer - any vehicle 28 feet or less in
length handled as one unit, propelled or drawn by a single
power unit.
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Drag Line - a mechanized system consisting of a
continuous chain, either overhead or recessed in the floor,
used in a freight terminal to move shipments on carts from
one part of the platform to another.
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Draying - the charge made for handling freight on
carts, drays or trucks.
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Dunnage - the material used to protect or support
freight in or on trucks.
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Duty - a tax levied by a government on the
import, export, use or consumption of goods.
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En route - on the way.
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End-of-line(EOL) - a terminal which receives
inbound freight from the breakbulk for delivery and sends
outbound freight to the breakbulk that has been picked up.
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Entry (Customs) - a statement of the kinds,
quantities and values of goods imported together with duties
due, if any, and declared before a customs office or other
designated officer.
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E.P.A. - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, a
federal agency which regulates hazardous substances in the
environment.
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Estimated Weight - the weight specifically stated
in publications for goods shipped in a manner.
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Exchange Bill of Lading - a bill of lading issued
in exchange for another bill of lading.
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Exclusive Use of Trailer - a request made by a
shipper, on the bill of lading, for the complete use of a
trailer.
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Exempt Trailer - trucks hauling certain
commodities are exempt from Interstate Commerce Commission
economic regulation. The largest portion of exempt
commodities are agricultural commodities or seafood.
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Expediting - to accelerate transportation.
Expedited freight service is usually faster than normal
service.
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Expiration Notice - a notice in a publication
that all, or some part of it, will expire at a stated time.
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Export - any traffic having a subsequent movement
to a foreign country.
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Extended Service - a service offered by Saia in
addition to the transportation of goods, such as stopping in
transit to complete loading or to partially unload or
storage.
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Freight All Kinds (FAK) - the abbreviation
applied to a pooling of different commodities for
simplification of rating or pricing.
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False Billing - describing freight on shipping
documents so as to misrepresent the actual contents of
lading.
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Fifth Wheel - part of a coupling device mounted
on tractor which engages and locks with circular steel pin
on a trailer.
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Fixed Charges - charges which do not vary with an
increase or decrease in traffic.
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Flat Bed - a trailer with no sides and with floor
of unit a standard height from the ground.
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Fork Lift - a machine used to pick up and move
goods loaded on pallets or skids.
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Free Time - the period allowed the owner to
accept delivery before storage charges begin to accrue.
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Freight - merchandise hauled by a transportation
line.
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Freight-Astray - a shipment miscarried or
unloaded at the wrong terminal, billed and forwarded to the
correct terminal, free of charges, on account of being
astray, hence the term "freight-astray".
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Freight Bill - Document for common carrier
shipment. Gives description of the freight, amount of
charges, taxes and whether prepaid or collect. Charges paid
by the shipper are called prepaid freight bills. Charges
collected at designation are called destination or collect
freight bills.
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Freight Line Charge - the cost of transporting
freight.
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Freight Claim - a demand upon Saia for the
payment of overcharge or loss or damage sustained by the
shipper or consignee.
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Freight Forwarder - one who assembles small
shipments into one large shipment which is then tendered to
a regulated over-the-road carrier. Upon reaching
destination, the shipments is separated into small
shipments.
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Gateway - a point which freight moving form one
territory to another is interchanged between transportation
lines.
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G.B.L. - Government Bill of Lading.
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Gross Ton - 2,240 pounds, commonly called a long
ton.
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Gross Weight - the weight of an article, together
with the weight of its container and the material used in
packing. As applied to a truck, the weight of the truck,
together with the weight of its entire contents.
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Hazard Class - numerical designation of the
primary transportation hazard based upon the chemical and
physical properties of the hazardous chemical. For example,
the hazard class assigned to acetone is 3, which corresponds
to a flammable liquid.
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Hazardous Material (HM) - a substance or material
which has been determined by the Department of
Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk
to health, safety and property when transported in commerce.
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High Cube - a trailer body with above average
cubic content.
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Hot Tag - a shipment requiring special handling
to achieve earlier-than-normal delivery service.
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Hub - terminal serving regionally located
end-of-line terminals as breakbulk. The hub of a "hub and
spoke system" is the breakbulk and the spokes lead to the
EOL terminals it serves.
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Hundred Weight - a statement of weight meaning
100 pounds, abbreviated CWT.
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IMDG (International Maritime Dangerous Goods) -
regulations that govern the transportation of hazardous
material by water outside the territorial boundaries of the
United States.
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Import - any traffic having a prior movement from
a foreign country.
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In Bond - shipments moving under U.S. Customs
Bond.
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Initial Carrier - the transportation line to
which a shipment is delivered by the shipper.
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Initial Point - the point at which a shipment
originates.
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Inland Carrier - a transportation line which
hauls export or import traffic between ports and inland
points.
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Interchange - transfer of freight from one
carrier to another.
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Interline - transfer of freight between two or
more carriers.
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Interline Freight - freight moving from point of
origin to destination over the lines of two or more
transportation providers.
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Intermediate Carrier - a transportation line over
which a shipment moves but on which neither the point of
origin or destination is located.
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Interstate - traffic having origin in one state
and destination in another state.
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Interstate Commerce Act - an act of Congress
regulating the practices, rates and rules of transportation
lines engaged in handling interstate traffic.
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Intrastate - traffic having origin, destination,
and entire transportation within the same state.
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Knocked Down - an article taken apart, folded or
telescoped so as to reduce its normal size; packaged for
shipping.
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Knocked Down Flat - an article taken apart,
folded or telescoped so as to reduce its cubage for shipping
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Known Loss - a loss discovered before or at the
time of delivery of a shipment.
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Label, Hazard - a diamond shaped designation that
has a unique pictorial symbol that describes each of nine
hazard classes.
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Lading - that which constitutes a load. The
freight in a vehicle.
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Legal Holidays -
- Christmas Eve
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Christmas Day
- Independence Day
- Labor Day
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Memorial Day
- New Years Day
- Thanksgiving Day
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LTL (Less-than-Truckload) - a quantity of freight
less than that required for the application of truckload
rate.
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Lien - a legal claim upon goods for the
satisfaction of some debt or duty.
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Limited Quantity (LTD QTY) - is a hazardous
material that due to the quantity of material and type of
packaging container may be exempt form labeling
requirements, if it is not classified as a 6.1 poison
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Line haul - the movement of freight between
carrier terminals, excluding pickup and delivery service.
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Line haul truck - vehicles used to haul freight
long distances, usually a tractor-trailer combination of
three or more axles.
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Loading - furnishing to Saia the Bill of Lading,
forwarding directions, or other documents necessary for
forwarding the shipment. Notification to Saia that the
vehicle is loaded and ready for forwarding.
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Local Terminal - a local facility of a
transportation line.
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Log Book - a book carried and kept by truck
drivers containing daily records of hours, routes, etc.
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Long Ton - 2,240 pounds.
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Loose - not packed.
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Marks - letters, numbers or characters placed on
a package for the purpose of identification.
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - an
informational bulletin prepared by a manufacturer that
identifies the chemical or trade name of the hazardous
ingredients, the potential hazards associated with these
chemicals, emergency first aid procedures associated with
the overexposure to the chemicals, precautions for safe
handling of the chemicals and procedures for cleanup and
proper disposal of any material that has been spilled. An
MSDS contains this information:
-Control measures
Identity
-Emergency telephone numbers Physical and
chemical
-Fire and explosion hazard data characteristics
-Hazardous ingredients Precautions
-Reactivity (if
mixed) Health hazard data
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Maximum Rate - the highest rate that may be
charged.
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Memorandum Bill of Lading - the third part of a
multiple set bill of lading.
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Mile - 5,280 feet.
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Mileage Rate - rates applied according to
distance.
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Minimum Charge - the least charge for which a
shipment will be handled.
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Minimum Rate - the lowest rate that may be
charged.
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Mixed Truckload - a truckload of different
articles combined into a single shipment.
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Motor Vehicle - any vehicle, machine, tractor,
trailer or semitrailer propelled or drawn by mechanical
power and used upon the highways in transportation of
passengers or property.
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National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) - a
publication for motor carriers containing rules,
descriptions and ratings on all commodities moving in
commerce.
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Nested - packed one within another.
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Net Ton - 2,000 pounds.
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Net Weight - the weight of an article clear of
its packing and contents of the truck.
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Notice - information given signifying the
accomplishment of an act, such as the placement of a trailer
for loading or unloading.
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Open Top - a unit with sides but no roof.
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Operating Expense - the cost incident to the
actual handling of traffic.
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Operating Ratio - the relation of operating
expenses to gross receipts.
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Overage - excess freight over the quantity
believed to have been shipped, or more than the quantity
shown on the shipping document.
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O S & D (Over, Short and Damaged) - a term
used to describe a shipment that has been damaged or lost in
transit or that arrives with more containers than originally
shipped.
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Packing Group - a designation that corresponds to
the degree of danger presented by a hazardous material.
Packing Group I indicates GREAT DANGER. Packing Group II
indicates MEDIUM DANGER. Packing Group III indicates MINOR
DANGER.
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Packing List - a detailed inventory of items
contained in a shipment.
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Pallet - a small wooden, paper or metal platform
usually with top and bottom, on which packaged goods are
placed to facilitate movement by some type of freight
handling equipment.
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P & D - pickup and delivery of freight.
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Peddle Run - pickup or delivery route traveled by
a city truck.
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Perishable freight - freight subject to decay or
deterioration.
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Permits - authority or permit granted by a local
state or federal agency to contract carriers by motor
vehicle to operate in interstate commerce.
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Pickup - service of a carrier in calling for and
collecting freight to be transported over its line.
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Pickup or Delivery Allowance - a discount offered
by Saia to the consignee for pickup or shipper for delivery
of freight to its terminal.
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Placard - a diamond shaped sign of specified
dimensions placed on both sides of trailer, and rear that
communicates the hazard of freight inside the trailer
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Point of entry - a port at which foreign goods
are admitted into the receiving country. Ports of entry are
officially designated by the government.
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Point of Origin - the terminal which picks up
freight from a shipper.
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Premises - the entire property or facilities of
the consignor, consignee, or other designated party.
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Prepaid - a term denoting that transportation
charges have been paid or are to be paid at the point of
shipment.
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Prior to Tender of Delivery - before shipment has
been loaded on delivery vehicle (in cases where shipment is
transferred to city delivery vehicle for delivery) or before
shipment has been dispatched for delivery (in cases where
shipment is not transferred to city vehicle for delivery).
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Private Carrier - a transportation line not
engaged in business as a general public employment.
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Private Residence - apartments, churches,
schools, camps and other such locations not generally
recognized as commercial locations and shall apply to the
entire premises, except any portion of the premises where
commercial or business activity is conducted that involves
the sales of services, products or merchandise to the
walk-in public during normal business hours.
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PRO - a number issued to each shipment of freight
by the carrier and used for computer tracking of the
shipment to it's destination.
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Prohibited Articles - articles which will not be
handled.
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Proof of Delivery - (also called P.O.D.) the
delivery receipt copy of freight bill by receiver at time of
delivery.
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Proper Shipping Name - the name of a hazardous
material designated by the DOT for highway transportation.
For example, the proper shipping name for the refrigerant
R-12 is "dichlorodifluoromethane."
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Pup - a trailer usually connected in tandem to
another trailer for over-the-road travel. A set of two pups
connected together is often called "double bottoms."
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Rate - the charge for transporting freight.
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Rate Base Number - number used to determine rates
applicable between two points.
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Rate Basis Point - point on which rate are made
or at which the rate is divided; or point to which other
points are assigned for purposes of determining rates.
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Rate Scale - a table of rates graduated according
to distances or zones.
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Reconsignment - a change in the route made in a
consignment before the arrival of the goods at their billed
destination; or any change made in a consignment after the
arrival of goods at their billed destination, when the
change is made under conditions which make it subject to the
reconsignment rules and charges of Saia.
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Released Value - value of goods set by shipper in
consideration of rate to be charged.
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Reportable Quantity (RQ) - a hazardous substance
defined by the DOT with specific quantity limits per package
that require notification of the National Response Center
and if the specified quantity is released as the result of a
spill.
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Reshipment - goods reshipped under conditions
which do not make the act subject to the reconsignment rules
and charges of the carrier.
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Restricted Articles - articles which are handled
only under certain conditions.
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Return to Shipper - any shipment returned to the
same location at which it was originally tendered to the
carrier.
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Route - the course or direction that a shipment
moves.
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Seal - a device for fastening or locking the
doors of a truck.
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Scale of Rates - numerous rates adjusted with
reaction to each other.
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Script Sheet - form of statement, carried by the
driver, showing essential details of all shipments loaded in
his truck.
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Semi-trailer - a vehicle without motive power
designed to be drawn by another vehicle and so constructed
that some part of its weight and that of its load rests
upon, or is carried by, a towing vehicle.
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Set-Up - a term denoting complete assembly of an
article or an assembled article.
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Shipment - one or more pieces of freight with the
same shipper or consignee.
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Shipper - company or individual who initiates the
transport of goods.
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Shipping Order - Saia's copy of the bill of
lading.
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Shipper Load and Count - the process by which the
shipper places goods into Saia's trailer at his own site.
With shipper Load and Count there is no opportunity for
joint check of the goods by shipper and Saia. The shipper is
responsible for the proper loading and verification of the
goods being shipped.
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Shortage - a deficiency in quantity shipped.
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Site - a specific location at or on the premises
of the consignor, consignee, or other designated party.
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Slider - a trailer with a rear axle set that may
be moved forward to the rear of the trailer to adjust the
turning radius or weight balance for the type of load being
hauled.
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Split Pickup or Delivery - picking up or
delivering volume shipments at more than one place within
confines of origin or destination points.
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Spotting - The placing, detaching and leaving in
possesssion of a trailer unaccompanied by a tractor or power
unit at a specific site designated by the consignor,
consignee, or other party designated.
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Standard Rate - a rate established via direct
routes from one point or another in relation to which the
rates via other routes between same points are made.
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Standard Route - line or lines which maintain
standard rates.
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Statute of Limitation - a statement within the
bill of lading contract which places a limit on the time in
which claims or suit may be instituted.
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Storage - a charge made on property stored.
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Storage-in-Transit - storage of property at a
point other than the origin or destination of a shipment
under application of a rate.
-
Store Door Delivery - the movement of goods to
the consignee's place of business.
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Surcharge - a charge above the usual or customary
charge.
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Surtax - an additional or extra tax.
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Tare Weight - the weight of a container and the
material used for packing.
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Tender - to offer goods for transportation, or to
offer to place trucks for loading or unloading.
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Terminal - a building for the handling and
temporary storage of freight pending transfer between
locations.
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Terminal Carrier - the transportation line making
delivery of a shipment at its destination.
-
Third Party - a payor of the freight charges
shown on the bill of lading that is neither the shipper or
consignee.
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Tolerance - an allowance made for difference in
weights due to variations in scales or inherent nature of
goods.
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Ton-Mile - a unit used in comparing freight
earnings or expenses. The amount earned form or the cost of
hauling a ton of freight one mile.
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Tonnage - the number of tons of freight handled.
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Trace - to follow the movement of a shipment.
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Tractor - a mechanically powered unit to propel
or draw a trailer or trailers upon the highways.
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Traffic - persons and property carried by
transportation lines.
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Trailer - mobile units, with or without wheels,
used to transport property.
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Trailer Interchange - transfer of trailer and
lading from one transportation line to another.
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Transport - to move traffic form one place to
another.
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Truckload (TL) - quantity of freight required to
fill a truck. When used in connection with freight rates,
the quantity of freight necessary to qualify shipment for a
truckload rate.
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Unclaimed Freight - freight which has not been
called for by the consignee or owner.
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Unit of Traffic - the average number of tons of
freight hauled one mile.
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Unloading - surrender of the Bill of Lading to
Saia on shipments billed "To Order."
-Payment of lawful
charges to the carrier when required prior to delivery of
the shipment.
-Notification to Saia that vehicle is
unloaded and ready for forwarding.
-Signing of delivery
receipt.
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UN Number - a four-digit number assigned to
hazardous material required by the DOT for highway
transportation, by IMDG for water transit, and by ICAO for
air. It is used to help designate the emergency response
procedure in the event of a spill or release.
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U. S. Mainland - the 48 contiguous states.
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Valuation, Actual - actual value of goods
required to be shown on the bill of lading by shippers,
where rate applied is dependent upon that fact.
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Vehicle - any vehicle or combination of vehicles
handled as one unit, of not less than 35 feet in length,
propelled or drawn by a single power unit. When the vehicle
consists of a power unit and two or more trailers or
containers, the combined length of the trailers or
containers must not exceed 60 feet.
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Volume Rate - commodity rates which are
specifically made subject to a minimum weight of 10,000
pounds or more.
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Warehouse - a place for the receipt and storage
of goods.
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Warehouse Receipt - a receipt given for goods
placed in a warehouse.
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Waybill - description of goods sent with a common
carrier freight shipment (Same as freight bill).
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Weight Sheets - itemized list furnished by
shippers to weighing bureaus showing articles in each
consignment.
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Wet Goods - liquids.
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